Yesterday in the Japan Times there was a story about Japan’s Geographical Survey Institute obtaining over 100 aerial photographs of Hiroshima both before and after the atomic bombing of the city by the US in August of 1945. In a wild goose chase to see if I could find any of these photos online, I ended up somewhere not quite completely unrelated: a massive archive from UC Berkeley’s Bancroft Library of the War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement, 1942-1945.
Via the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) — the US governmental agency that is giving Japan the Hiroshima photos — I found these two remarkable photographs by Dorothea Lange: the Mochida family, and a crowd of onlookers, which led me to further inquire about Lange’s stint as a photographer for the War Relocation Authority, which was set up by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1942 through his signing of the infamous Executive Order No. 9066 and which authorized the forcible relocation and internment of those people of Japanese ancestry living on the Pacific Coast. I’ve never been too taken with the Depression-era cadre of photographers like Lange or Lewis Hines and so was unaware about Lange’s work for the WRA. My interest was piqued by these photos.
Investigating further I found these four photographs Lange made at San Francisco’s Raphael Weill School, again under the auspices of the WRA. On that same page (from the Museum of the City of San Francisco) you can view PowerPoint slideshows of Lange’s and fellow WRA photographer Clem Albers’ photographs of the Tanforan Assembly Center in San Bruno (a sort of temporary processing/detention center until bigger camps could be built). Clearly what I was looking at had to be the tip of the iceberg. How many more WRA photos were out there?
Quite by accident (as is typical of web searching), I found my answer: over 7000 photographs, online via the extraordinary digital archive created in 1997-98 by the Bancroft Library. Included among the 7000 are 691 photographs by Lange.
Unfortunately, site navigation is in a word horrible, and so supreme patience is required not to give up on the site in frustration. However, if one sticks at it, I think the rewards of this archive are eminently worth it. Here’s a tip: starting from the link above, progress through the various introductory pages by clicking the blue right arrow in the top left of each page, until you come to the “Container Listing” page. Here, click the bottom blue right arrow, and you’ll now be within the actual collection. When you come to a blank page with a series title only, once again click on the bottom right arrow to view various “group” pages within that section. Unfortunately, there’s no way to view the archive other than linearally as it was created, and you might find yourself taking a few steps backward before being able to proceed forward again.
Each photo thumbnail has both a medium and high resolution larger image, and each is accompanied by the original WRA captions, which in and of themselves are a telling illustration of the public relations campaign the WRA was attempting to wage with the photographs. As is written in the archive’s introduction, “It is important to note that the photograph collection, as the official documentation of the WRA, reflects the point of view that the WRA wanted to present to the citizens of the United States during World War II.” The Bancroft Library archive includes as well 318 Kodachrome slides (Series 18), but sadly and curiously these have not been digitized. Of particular interest to me are 145 slides created to accompany a WRA lecture entitled ominously enough “The Wrong Ancestors.”
According to NARA, their records of the War Relocation Authority include a whopping 17,178 photographs. It is unclear whether the Bancroft’s 7000 photos are part of this larger figure, or in addition to. Suffice it to say, there’s more where these 7000 came from.
UPDATE: You can also search NARA’s site for War Relocation Authority photos. Using the keywords “war relocation authority”, I found 3976 items. However, these don’t seem to be presented in any order, and navigation is also quite frustrating.